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If you see the number 2 instead of the number 5, you may have Red-Green Color Blindness. This is by far the most common of all color blind conditions. Color Blindness is significantly more common in males than females; 8 to 12 men out of every 100 will have a Red-Green Color Deficiency compared with only 1 in every 200 women. Those affected will have a difficult time distinguishing reds and greens. Blue-Yellow Color Blindness is another deficiency, but it is very rare and there is no readily available test for it.

Generally speaking, color blindness is an inherited disease that differs in severity and occurs in many forms. The underlying cause of color blindness is a defective retina that improperly converts light energy into electrical pulses which the brain, in turn, interprets as color. These color misinterpretations occur when a lower amount of pigment is recognized by receptors in the retina, called cones. In some cases, the retina may be missing one or more cones. Because of a difference in their chromosome pairings, men are more likely to have a color deficiency than women.